Ok, so that didn’t happen. Von Moltke was really writing about an actual battle with an actual enemy, but that gets a little morbid, and let’s face it, the abstract idea of killing a wooden cube or a card is far easier to digest.
What does this have to do with playtesting? In a word: everything.
“The biggest factor in the playability, the successful gameplay, of a game is not the quality of the ideas, nor the strength of conception, nor the marketing skill, nor the skill of artists […]. It’s the quality and quantity of playtesting and the resulting improvements made to the game.” – Game Design: How to Create Video and Tabletop Games, Start to Finish
About Playtesting
Before we go further down this rabbit hole there are, I think, two types of testing that need to take place, and in tabletop game design these two types happen (more or less) simultaneously: Game Testing and Bug Testing
Game Testing – “Does the game work as intended?”
Here you’ll encounter issues like fun, theme, player interaction, turn sequence, the need for more or fewer components etc. You’ll be testing whether the game is a game, or rather you’ll be testing your idea and feel of the prototype and matching that against the idea and feel of the game in your head.
Bug Testing – “Do the mechanics of the game work well?”
This is where you’ll resolve issues of weighting and probability. The number of actions per turn, what happens when one player does this or that. You’ll be testing both the amalgamation of the rules – how one rule interacts with another, and the little details of the game. The focus on bug testing is ensuring that each player, in every game has the same (or intended) chance/possibility of completing and or winning the game.
Even though a tabletop game will be playtested for both types at the same time, I think it’s important to recognise which side of the proverbial line the issues fall, and it’s important to recognise that there are two types when you start playtesting, especially when you start getting feedback from other people.
Rules of Playtesting
Using the previous two quotes we can assume 4 fundamental rules:
- Your design will fail (but that is okay)
[caption id="attachment_259" align="alignleft" width="300"]
An early game of mine about a race through space...or maybe dragons which got exactly this far.[/caption]The most important rule on this list: with almost certainty your game will fall flat on its arse the first time you play it. To paraphrase Von Moltke, “Your game design will not work when it is first played.” This, dear reader, is a good thing. Just like a baby learning to crawl, a chick learning to fly, and Bruce Wayne falling down a well. You will learn to pick yourself up, dust yourself down and get better.
Better at thinking about all sorts of games,
[caption id="attachment_244" align="alignright" width="300"]
Dr. Seuss's Waiting Place - in case you missed the reference.[/caption]About structure and mechanics,
About rule writing, and rules that are lame.
Better with things like economics.
You’ll discover new levels of simplicity,
About randomness and chance,
Player roles and asymmetry
You’ll learn, improve and advance.
Yes! Everything will get better.
(If I don’t get ‘Likes’ from a Doctor Seuss-style rhyme about board game design, then there must be something wrong with the Like button!)
I consider game design just as much as a piece of art as writing, painting and music. In those professions, and let's take writing, for example, a chapter of a novel might not feel the way the writer intended, so they can either change their intention or go back and identify where the writing lost its way and put it back on track. This is a very different process to the way a writer will deal with mechanical things: typos, spelling mistakes, and errors of grammar, or pace and structure. It’s easy to take this analogy and apply it to a musician, a painter, an illustrator, filmmaker and yes, even a game designer.
- Playtest a lot. A lot.
The most important rule on this list: Some problems can hide. Back at the UKGE 2016 I met Gary Wareham (of Entropic Games and designer of Oligarchy which successfully
funded on Kickstarter last year and will be reaching backers and retailers very soon) and he explained to me that roughly 1 in 25 starting hands of cards are dud, and so a Mulligan is needed- certainly when demonstrating a game at an event like UKGE. Now, to calculate those odds, that game must have been played at least 25 times but was mostly likely played more. Many, many more times. (Note to self: arrange interview with Gary)The point here is that quantity is needed, whether you plan to Kickstart your game or sell it, it will need to be played over and over again. Further to this is that every time you change something, no matter how small; that running tally of playtests gets set back to zero.
- Playtest well.
The most important rule on this list: “No-one is as smart as everyone”, some smart person once said. What does this mean for you and your game? Well, you probably play games in a certain way/style, you also probably play with the same group of friends (be that a large or a small group, which in turn means you will probably play your game the way you play games, as too will your friends. You probably won’t try to “break” your game by playing it badly, your friends (if they’re the nice kind) probably won’t either. You and they will no doubt play the game the way you intend them to. But that isn’t the way everyone will.
There are 3 stages to playtesting a game well:
- Alpha Testing – or solo testing
You’ll play on your own, against yourself. You’ll take different positions around the table, or perhaps line up your old teddy bear or an action figure to represent a different player (I use my dogs).
You’ll take copious notes, pause the game while you create a couple of new cards, or even stop the game part way through because you just need to do something completely different. You do all of this on your own before exposing anyone else to this cripplingly boring process. (For the non-designer that is).- Beta Testing- other players
You’ll do this when you have a game that can be played from beginning to end without interruption, and you’ll rope in your most loyal and friendly gamer friends and family. The journey might be bumpy, but you’ll get them from the start of the game to the end.
- Charlie Testing (most people don’t call it that, they consider it beta 2 testing, but they’re missing a trick here: Charlie is what the military call the enemy (well, in Forrest Gump they did), and this links back to our pal Von Moltke)
This is blind playtesting. You’re not there when the game is played (or if you are you stay out of the gameplay altogether). The players read the rules and play your prototype as if it were an actual, real game.- Improve your game
The most important rule on this list: inch by inch, and mile by mile your game design should change. Hopefully, that great game idea you had is still there, although that may have changed too, the design will have done certainly. Whether you start your game by painstaking making every component and then testing the whole thing, or you start with the very basic, foundation level of your game and build up, there should be changes at every step along that route. Some of these changes will be huge; you’ll add a board, a whole new deck of cards, a different action or resource type. You might take things away too. You may even do both. Multiple times. The important thing here is to recognise and be prepared for the fact that your game/design will change.
“A designer knows he has achieved perfection not when there is nothing left to add, but when there is nothing left to take away.” Antoine de Saint-Exupéry.
Those I would consider 4 of the 5 fundamental rules of playtesting. And they are important, but rule 5 is a biggy:
- Enjoy playtesting.
You are going to spend a lot of time playtesting your game, a lot of time fine tuning it. Try and enjoy it.
In my experience, the tabletop gaming community is brilliant and friendly and clever and generally awesome. Ask for help at your local gaming club or store. The internet is rife with help too, I’ve found these to be particularly useful:
http://www.bgdf.com the board game designer’s forum – need I say more?
http://www.playtest.co.uk this site will also list region groups (so if you end up starting one be sure to let them know)
I’ll be discussing Playtesting Analysis in my next post, with more pictures, fewer words, charts and Playtesting Questionnaire downloads.
Do you have any tips you’d like to share about your experiences as a playtester or designer?
If you’ve enjoyed this article hit the little star icon to let me know.
Thanks for reading folks!
by Ignacy Trzewiczek
by Peter Lee & Rodney Thompson
My tableau tile placement game: Bad Pets[/caption]
A version 4 prototype of a game that is taking a break at the moment: Devil's Deal[/caption]
My process isn’t written in stone, it’s not a set of rules or steps, it’s a guideline, and, as Rufus, the thirteenth apostle says “It’s a very good idea”.
This is the game that got me hooked one winter night back in 2010. After playing, we immediately wanted to play again. And again. To this day I will gladly, happily take this from my shelf and have another go – just on a slightly higher difficulty setting (that’s right, just like video games, some board games have difficulty settings now too). This game has the players acting as agents from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (or the CDC), as they rapidly travel from city to city curing 4 deadly diseases that threaten all of humanity. (If you’ll be playing this with younger gamers there is no death or any other gruesomeness, it’s all done in a very abstract way, so it won’t cause nightmares).
mainstream and it’s easy to see why with sales in excess of 18 million copies worldwide (fascinating article in the 
est games on the list and is great. This game is a very regular feature in my house, with its short set up and run time this comes to the table when you have an itch that can only be scratched by a good game, but not loads of time. The rules are simple and the gameplay is, as the theme would suggest; elegant.
By Oleksandr Nevskiy and Oleg Sidorenko
Bren and I, Outside Inside the Box[/caption]
The meeting of the Four Bearded Geniuses[/caption]
A play through with another team[/caption]
A blurry winner's photo[/caption]
games we had played and how we begged, borrowed and stole from games we liked or had played. Talking. We talked so much we ate into our ‘build time’ massively. We wrote lists of mechanical systems we could use, buzz words, component and games parts, at one point we drew up a decision tree to help us work out what type of game we were going to make and how the theme of AI would be in it.
The other thing that worked very well was our team dynamic; Bren, Tino, Graham, and yours truly gelled really quite nicely. How does this help you ahead of an upcoming Game Jam? Well, much like a chain only being as strong as its weakest link, an orchestra only works, when everyone works together (and this is the metaphor I’m trying to get to). This is what to look out for when picking your team (please note I know next to nothing about orchestras, other than 
management game, you may find yourself with that precious sharpie when you need it. So I’ll be taking a range of felt tips, multi coloured sharpies, a few pencils and a ruler next time.
Real life allowing; you bet. Building a game under those conditions is a fabulous experience, and if you’re interested in game design you should try and find one, and failing that, talk to your local gaming shop/café about maybe putting one on.